Preface
About the book
This book presents a series of activities to teach the basics of computer networks. While you will not learn all aspects of computer networking, we hope that it will serve as a good starting point.
To network micro:bits, we use custom micro:bit radio to radio communication. When one hears the word radio, what comes to mind is the radio that blasts out tunes from your favourite radio broadcasting channel. But, a radio, or a radio transceiver (transmitter/receiver), is used in communications to generate and receive radio waves that contain information such as audio, video or digital data. And all micro:bits have built-in radios1.
Each chapter presents interesting challenges in radio communications and networking with micro:bits. After every few chapters, there’s an exciting game to look forward to! In the programming sections, you will use the JavaScript Blocks Editor at the Microsoft Makecode site to develop solutions to overcome those challenges2.
Writing this book, we have assumed no knowledge of radio communications or networking.
However, we assume that you have written programs with a micro:bit. For example, we expect that you are familiar with variables, if-then-else statements, and loops. The activities in each chapter will provide ample opportunity to put this knowledge into practice.
Editions
A PDF version is available for download.
You can buy a printed copy from Amazon.co.uk or Amazon.com (this is the cheapest & most efficient way for us to make printed copies available).
A Spanish translation of ‘Networking with the micro:bit’ is also available.
About the authors
We are researchers, which means we work on new ideas and products. Our company Nominet runs the part of the Internet that controls how names (like http://www.bbc.co.uk)) are used when people, computers, or devices like tablets or smartphones connect to other computers over the Internet. We’re very excited to have the opportunity to work with micro:bits and the Micro:bit Foundation.
Understanding how computers talk to each other is something that we think is important, which is why we wrote this book! We’ve enjoyed designing the tasks and challenges in the book, and we hope you do too.
Anthony & Cigdem
Outline
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Connecting micro:bits with wires
This chapter is an introduction and a fun demonstration of networking. Micro:bits can communicate when connected with wires. Via wires, you will send images between micro:bits. -
Broadcast communication: One to all
You will start using radio communication in this chapter and learn about broadcast communication. With broadcast communication, one micro:bit can send messages to many other micro:bits. But, be cautious! If all micro:bits do that, it’s like everyone is speaking at once. -
Group communication: One to many By forming small groups, you will send to and receive from a limited number of micro:bits. This is more manageable than broadcast. But, selecting a unique identifier for your group will be an interesting challenge.
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Game 1: Shakey Donkey This is a game that uses the micro:bit radio. See whether you can figure out how to play the game, and how it works.
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Unicast Communication: One to One Broadcast and group communication are fun. But sometimes you want to talk to only one person. This is called unicast communication. To do this, you discover that you will need a unique identifier for your micro:bit.
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Two-way Unicast It’s no use talking with somebody if you don’t get a response back. In this chapter, you will program your micro:bit to send a message and to get a reply. Also, you will work out how long it takes for a reply to come back. Doing this, you will also program one of the most important tools used in the Internet: Ping.
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Game 2: Rock-Paper-Scissors over Radio
This is not like the traditional Rock-Paper-Scissors game. It works over the radio! -
Handling errors: Retransmissions Nothing is perfect, not even radio communication. What happens if your message gets lost on the way? In this chapter, you will test methods for dealing with message loss. For instance, does it help if you send your messages more than once?
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Handling errors: Acknowledgements It’s a waste to retransmit if the other side already received the message! The receiver needs a standard reply (or an acknowledgement) to avoid this. At the sending side, if you do not receive an acknowledgement, you can assume that your message wasn’t received. In this chapter, you will test how well acknowledgments work to improve reliability.
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Game 3: Battleship over Radio You have come far. Now you are ready for another classic game! You will write a version of the famous Battleship game using your micro:bits. Your experience with radio communication and networking will help you along the way.
Let’s start!
(BLE) protocol but in this book, we will use the simpler micro:bit to micro:bit communication.